Florence's history is a story of unparalleled artistic, intellectual, and economic flourishing, largely centered around the Renaissance. Founded by the Romans in 59 BC, the city truly rose to prominence during the Middle Ages, becoming a powerful city-state and a hub of trade and finance, especially known for its woolen textiles and banking. The 15th century marked Florence's Golden Age, largely under the patronage of the formidable Medici family, who fostered an environment where genius thrived. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Botticelli, and Brunelleschi created masterpieces that defined an era. Philosophers, writers, and scientists also flourished, leaving an indelible mark on Western civilization. A walking tour through Florence literally traces the footsteps of these giants, passing by their homes, workshops, and the very places where their iconic works were conceived and displayed. The historical narratives shared by guides bring these centuries-old stones to life, connecting visitors directly to the vibrant, transformative past that shaped the modern world.